Sports+Medicine


 * //__FOCUS QUESTION 1: HOW ARE SPORTS INJURIES CLASSIFIED AND MANAGED?__//**


 * **__WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES__**

Injuries are unfortunately a common part of playing sport, with more than one million occuring each year. Classifying injuries according to their type or cause can assist in determining the best method of treatment. The types of classifications include:


 * 1. DIRECT**

An external force causes injury to the body, usually at the point of impact eg: A collision between two players resulting in concussion.


 * 2. INDIRECT**

The injury does not result directly from an external force, but indirectly from a force that generates during the activity eg: A hamstring pull during a 100m sprint


 * 3. OVERUSE**

Caused by excessive training, repetative movements or incorect training techniques eg: Shin splints and tendonitis.


 * 4. SOFT TISSUE**

These injuries occur to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, nerves, ligaments and tendons eg: Muscle strain


 * 5. HARD TISSUE**

These injuries occur to cartilage, joints, teeth and bones eg: Broken arm


 * __ACTIVITY 1__**

Complete sheet Bultitude and Wright Pg:6


 * __ACTIVITY 2__**

Research and report on one of the following overuse injuries You need to answer the following questions Complete the student activity from the following link
 * Patella tendonitis
 * Achilles Tendonitis
 * Rotator cuff injury
 * Tennis elbow
 * Shin Splints
 * Stress fractures in the feet
 * Describe the injury
 * How is it caused?
 * What sports is the injury common in?
 * Find a picture to display this injury.
 * __ACTIVITY 3__**

[|Classifying Sports Injuries]

1. Tears in a muscle are classified as: - Strains: When some of the muscle fibre is overstretched - Partial Tear: Can disrupt enough of the muscle to interfere with normal function. - Complete tear: Involves a total loss of muscle function. Muscles that tear are usually those that extend over two joints eg: hamstring.
 * __SOFT TISSUE INJURIES__**
 * Tears, Sprains and Contusions

2. A sprain can occur when a joint is forced past its normal range of movement and the fibres of a ligament are torn.

3. Contusion and bruises are caused when direct force is applied and bleediong occurs into the soft tissue.




 * Figure 11.7 and 11.8 pg 407 Outcomes 2


 * Skin Abrasions, Lacerations, Blisters, Calluses

Skin is the major protective covering of the body. Injury allows infection to enter the body or blood and tissue to escape. When large layers of skin are destroyed or a loss of body fluids occurs, shock may result.

An **__abrasion__** is an open wound, usually caused by skin scraping across a hard surface. It should be treated by cleaning the wound then applying a non stick dressing.



A **__laceration__** is also an open wound and is more likely to be caused by a sharp object. Skin and underlying tissue are likely to be damaged. This is treated by controlling bleeding, cleansing the wound with sterile solution then covering with non stick dressing.




 * __Blisters__** can occur in any area where friction or rubbing occurs. A fluid filled pocket forms causing pain and inflammation.




 * __Calluses__** are protective layers of compacted dead skin cells. They are caused by repeated friction and pressure to a particular area.




 * Complete the following word match




 * Inflammatory Response

Our body responds to a soft tissue injury by a self healing process called the inflammatory response. The signs and symptoms include: - Swelling - Pain - Limited movement - Redness and warmth

Pain and swelling results in restricted movement.

Redness and warmth is a result of increased blood supply.

Extra blood cells sent to the area give oxygen to the damaged tissues, extra white cells fight infection, break down damaged tissue and start scar formation.

In the case of an acute injury to the soft tissue the inflammatory response would take place in the following 3 stages:


 * __Stage 1:__** Initial inflammation, pain, swelling, loss of mobility, cell damage.


 * __Stage 2:__** After 48 hours, the breakdown of damaged tissue, new fibres form and scar tissue develops.


 * __Stage 3:__** The repair stage, tissue is replaced - may take from one month to six weeks.


 * Managing Soft Tissue Injuries

Utilising the website and the sheets below complete an outline on how you would implement the RICER regime to a soft tissue injury. Then completre the Ice experiment.

RICER WEBSITE [|RICER]


 * __ACTIVITY 1__**
 * Handout pg: 10-13 Bultitude and Wright Table 11.1 and figure 11.12 pg 411 Outcomes 2


 * __ACTIVITY 2__**

Practical Application question pg:293 PDHPE Application and Inquiry.

__**ACTIVITY 3**__ Complete the activity from the following link below

[|SOFT TISSUE INJURIES]


 * __HARD TISSUE INJURIES__**

Hard tissue injuries cause damage to bones and teeth. Examples of hard tissue injuries include fractures, dislocations and teeth injuries.

A fracture is a direct break in the bone. It can result from a direct force, an indirect force or repetitive smaller impacts (stress fracture).
 * Fractures

There are 3 main types of fractures:

1. __Simple or closed -__ If the skin over the fractured bone is intact. 2. __Compound or open -__ If the skin over the fracture is broken either caused by the force of the injury or the bon eprotruding through the skin. 3. __Complicated -__ If nearby tissues and organs are damaged.

Glue in pictures figure 16.7 pg: 294 PDHPE Application and Inquiry Are injuries to joints where one bone is displaced from another. Dislocations often cause considerable damage to the surrounding tissue and result from the joint moving past its normal range of movement (ROM).
 * Dislocations

media type="youtube" key="ip2ZNjWGWtM" height="344" width="425" media type="youtube" key="L-edV6xlRok" height="344" width="425"
 * Tooth Injuries


 * __MANAGING HARD TISSUE INJURIES__**

Hard tissue injuries are usually accompanied by damage to the muscle, blood vessels, surrounding organs and nerves.

For serious injury immediate medical treatment is sought immediately, do not move and call an ambulance.

Follow these procedures: immobilise, check for impaired circulation, arrange for transport and implement RICER if it doesn't cause pain.


 * __IMMOBILISATION__**

Aims to minimise the movement of the injured area.Eg: the humerous can be immobilised with a sling and the femur can be immobilised by a splint.

[|Making an Arm Sling for Immobilisation]

A splint can be another limb, part of the body or a straight object. For correct application the following should occur: 1. Secure above the joint and fracture 2. Secure below the joint and fracture 3. At the joint above the fracture 4. At the joint below the fracture 5. Just above the fracture 6. Just below the fracture A dislocation should also be immobilised and the first aider should never try to attempt to relocate the dislocation as further damage may be done to the bones and ligaments. An x-ray is generally needed before relocation.

__**ACTIVITY 1**__

Complete the following table for each injury: fracture, dislocation, tooth injury

Management of Injury __**ACTIVITY 2**__
 * Classification of Injury || Example of Injury || Symptoms of Injury || What to do ||
 * || Fracture ||  ||   ||
 * || Dislocation ||  ||   ||
 * || Tooth Injury ||  ||   ||

1. Immobilise the following: - Finger - Femur - Humerus - Tibia - Radius

Complete the student activity from the following link below
 * __ACTIVITY 3__**

[|HARD TISSUE INJURIES]

__**ASSESSMENT OF INJURY**__


 * TOTAPS**



ACTIVITY 3 - practical application

//**__FOCUS QUESTION 2: HOW DOES SPORTS MEDICINE ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF SPECIFIC ATHLETES?__**//


 * __**Children and Young Athletes**__ (activities included in the power point presentation)

media type="youtube" key="bErNlopvleU?fs=1" height="385" width="480" [|Sports Injuries in Young Athletes]

Strength Training Activities for Children media type="youtube" key="qzRhBWTONLk?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

[|GRANNY GLOBE TROTTERS]
 * __**Adult and Aged Athletes**__ (activities included in the power point presentation)

INTRODUCTION: Exercise is safe for older people through such measures as: Exercise improves the quality of life for older people as it:
 * Building intensity gradually. Strenuos exercise is fine for older people, provided they have developed a good fitness base to begin with.
 * Having a balance. This includes not only aerobic training, but strength and core strength training also. This can be done through Pilates, lunges or exercises using the Swiss ball.
 * Avoid contact sports.
 * Increase their body's ability to use oxygen, which improves heart function.
 * Increases their energy levels.
 * Allows them to move their joints through their full range of motion.
 * Helps maintain balance.
 * Increases their confidence




 * __ACTIVITY 1__**

Complete Inquiry pg: 424 Outcomes 2 utilising the website below

[|Physical Activity and Healthy Ageing]

__**ACTIVITY 2**__ Complete the student activity from the following link below __**[|ADULT AND THE AGED]**__


 * __**Female Athletes**__ (activities included in the power point presentation)



media type="youtube" key="hu6ewbw8VmE?fs=1" height="385" width="480"


 * __ACTIVITY 1__**

Complete the student activity from the following link below. Click on the book icon once you have finished to get answers.

[|FEMALE ATHLETES]

__**CHAPTER SUMMARY QUESTION**__

Complete Inquiry Activity "Addressing the demands of specific athletes" pg 427 Outcomes 2


 * __What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete?__**
 * **__Physical Preparation__** (activities included in the power point presentation)


 * **__Sports Policy and the Sports Environment__**(activities included in the power point presentation)

[|Rugby Union Scrum Rules]

[|Mod League Rules]







[|Newbalance sports shoes on how they prevent injuries in athletes]


 * __**Environmental Considerations**__ (activities included in the power point presentation)



Additional notes that are more in depth on altitude, acclimatisation and pollution



media type="youtube" key="bwcafWFWTGA" height="390" width="640" media type="youtube" key="392CSRdztWc" height="390" width="640" Acclijmatisation

Is about developing tolerance to expected performance conditions. It applies to heat, cold, humidity, wind and altitude. Acclimatisation is enhanced through exposure and training in the environment or a prefabricated environmnet providing a similar effect. Acclimatisation to heat and humidity may take 5-7 days whereas altitude acclimatisation may take 3-4 weeks depending on elevation levels.


 * __**Taping and Bandaging**__ (activities and UTUBE included in the power point presentation)





__**FOCUS QUESTION 4: HOW IS INJURY REBILITATION MANAGED?**__


 * Rehabilitation Procedures

__**Skills Testing Activity:**__ Students need to participate in the following test in pairs and record their results. The lower score is the preseason time and the higher score is the injury time. Students then need to work out if the injury time is 85% of the preseason time. If so they can return to play. What skill and health related components of fitness does this test, in relation to your chosen sport.


 * Return to Play

media type="youtube" key="iglJwQPbuq8?fs=1" height="385" width="480" media type="youtube" key="t6UU23oisTk?fs=1" height="385" width="480" Watch this boxing UTUBE prior to completeing the questions on boxing return to play and ethical considerations.


 * Ethical Considerations

[|Swimsuit Ban Link] __**SUMMARY ACTIVITIES**__ 1. Complete a mind map of this unit. 2. Complete summary quiz and revision test from Outcomes 2.