HSC+PDHPE+Core+1-+Health+priorities+in+Australia

__**Focus Question 1: How are Priority Issues for Australia's Health identified?**__ > Epidemiology is the gathering and studying of information about illness, disease and death within certain populations. It provides information to assist planning and decision making about health expenditure, health priority areas and health promotion initiatives from local, state and natinal perspetives. > > __Activity 1:__Complete Inquiry Questions (Outcomes PDHPE Ruskin, Procter, Neeves pg: 8) > > __Activity 2:__ Complete research activity " Who Uses Epidemiological Measures" (Titan HSC PDHPE Book 1, Bultitude & Wright pg: 7) > > **Measures of Epidemiology**
 * __**MEASURING HEALTH STATUS**__
 * **Role of Epidemiology**
 * 2.3 Standardised death rates**(a)**,** **Australia**
 * 2.11 Life Expectancy at Birth - 1901-1910 to 2007-2009**
 * 2.9 Infant mortality rates**(a) **-** **1909 to 2009**

Complete cloze passage below

Activity: Complete the graph analysis on mortality, infant mortality, morbidity and life expectancy (Titan HSC PDHPE Book 1, Bultitude & Wright pg: 8-14)

Complete the revision test below.



In determining the disease burden on the community and its potential to be reduced, health authorities need to consider the following factors. These include:
 * IDENTIFYING PRIOR****ITY HEALTH ISSUES**
 * Social Justice principles**
 * Priority Population Groups**
 * Prevalence of Condition**
 * Potential for Prevention and Early Intervention**
 * Costs to the Individual and Community**
 * Identifying Priority Health Issues Notes**


 * Social justice principles
 * Priority population groups
 * Costs to the individual and community
 * Potential for prevention and early intervention
 * Prevalence of condition

**Social Justice Principles**

- Participation: the empowerment of individuals and communities to be involved in planning and decision making for good health. - Equity: fair allocation of resources and entitlements without discrimination. - Access: The availability of health services, information and education. - Rights: Equitable opportunities for all individuals to achieve good health.
 * Social Justice means equity for all.
 * It involves the establishing of supportive environments and the promotion of diversity.
 * Example = a homeless youth, an aged person and a person from a non-English speaking background have the same opportunity to achieve and maintain optimal health.
 * The four principles of social justice include: PEAR


 * Plans to manage health inequities are based on morbidity and mortality rates as well as inequities in cultural, social, economic and political factors.
 * Eg: Inequities that exist in Australia include: high rates of diabetes in the Aboriginal population and the high incidence of injury in the 15-24 years age group. By applying the social justice principles by providing equal access to resources, education and information about diabetes may reduce the incidence in the Indigenous population.
 * Access the following site and complete the student activity.**
 * [|Social Justice Principles Link]**

Priority Population Groups
[|Priority Population groups Link]
 * These are groups that are experiencing health inequities.
 * Used in conjunction with social justice principles we are able to see the existing health needs, ways of targeting the health behaviour of different groups, what impact sociocultural, physical or economic environmental factors have on health status, the prevalence of conditions and diseases within particular populations.
 * Groups include: ATSI, socio-disadvantaged, elderly, people living in rural and remote areas, disabled and people born overseas.
 * Access the following site and complete the student activity.**

Prevalence of the Condition
· Epidemiology provides information on the incidence of mortality and morbidity rates in the Australian population. It reveals prevalence of disease and illness and helps identify risk factors. · High prevalence rates of a disease indicate the health and economic burden that the disease/condition places on the community. · Eg: CVD is the leading cause of preventable death in Australia. Access the following site and complete the student activity. [|Costs to the Individual and Community]
 * [|Prevalence of Condition Link]**
 * Costs to Individuals and the Community**
 * Costs can be categorised as either direct or indirect.
 * Direct: Money spent on prevention initiatives, diagnosing, treating, caring for the sick, lost working hours, cost of replacement labour, pharmaceuticals and insurance.
 * Indirect: output lost when people become too ill to work, retraining of workers, emotional trauma, relationship breakdown, decreased quality of life, loss of income, travel costs.
 * Access the following site and complete the student activity.**

Potential for Prevention and Early Intervention

 * The majority of disease and illnesses suffered by Australians are lifestyle diseases.
 * For prevention and early intervention we must address individual behaviours and environmental determinants (housing, socioeconomic status, access to services and information ) to improve our health status.
 * Eg: Individual: applying sunscreen Environmental: providing shaded areas this will reduce skin cancer rates.
 * Access the following site and complete the student activity.**
 * [|Potential for Prevention and Early Intervention]**

Focus Question 2: What are the Priority Issues for Improving Australia's Health?


 * GROUPS EXPERIENCING HEALTH INEQUITIES
 * __NOTE: You are only expected to study ATSI and one other group. Choose from the following:__**
 * __-Socioeconomically disadvantaged,__**
 * __-People in Rural and Remote Areas,__**
 * __-Overseas-born people,__**
 * __-The elderly and__**
 * __-People with a Disability.__**

Complete the following smartnote activity on ATSI health inequities.

Handout the photocopy of the other group the student's wish to study and highlight key points pg: 12-18 HSC PDHPE Macquarie Revision Guides.

ACTIVITY: Complete the Literacy activity on ATSI and group of your choice pg: 21-24 HSC PDHPE Book 1 Bultitude and Wright Titan Education.

__**Cardiovascular Disease**__ Complete the word match activity below. Read through powerpoint notes on CVD
 * HIGH LEVELS OF PREVENTABLE CHRONIC DISEASE, INJURY AND MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

Complete inquiry question "Pump yourself up" (Outcomes PDHPE Ruskin, Procter, Neeves pg: 44)

Complete smartnote grouping activity below:
 * __Cancer__**



Complete Inquiry questions 2 &3 (Outcomes PDHPE Ruskin, Procter, Neeves pg: 54)

UTUBE video additional documentary on skuin cancer within Australia [|Skin Cancer Documentary]

- Diabetes - Respiratory Disease - Injury - Mental health problems and illnesses
 * __Choose another preventable chronic disease, injury or mental health problem from the following:__**

__**Complete a table with the following headings:**__ - The nature of the problem - Extent of the problem (trends) - Risk factors and protective factors - Sociocultural, socioeconomic and environmental determinants - Groups at risk

Utilising your textbooks and the following website complete the table for CVD and Cancer. [|High levels of preventable chronic disease, injury and mental health problems]

media type="youtube" key="u37qIMrRnWE" height="390" width="640" media type="youtube" key="I046t41Ys7M" height="390" width="480"
 * A GROWING AND AGEING POPULATION

Focus Question 3: What Role do Health Care Facilities and Services Play in Achieveing Better Health for all Australian's?
 * HEALTH CARE IN AUSTRALIA
 * COMPLIMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH-CARE APPROACHES

Focus Question 4: What Actions are needed to Address Australia's health Priorities?
 * LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
 * BENEFITS OF PARTNERSHIPS IN HEALTH PROMOTION
 * HOW HEALTH PROMOTION BASED ON THE OTTAWA CHARTER PROMOTES SOCIAL JUSTICE
 * THE OTTAWA CHARTER IN ACTION